数学词汇中英文对照
数学词汇、表达中英文对照,内容包括几何(点、线、角、三角形、多边形、圆和曲线、立体几何、解析几何)、数论、代数、函数和方程、不等式、三角函数等。
几何 Geometry
点 point
端点 Endpoint
中点 Midpoint
垂点 Perpendicular point
交点 Intersection point
顶点 vertex, vertices (pl)
相邻顶点 adjacent vertices
(抛物线的)对称点 mirror point, reflection point, symmetric point
原点 Origin
圆心 Center, Origin
切点 tangent point
任意一点 arbitrary point
Let P be an arbitrary point of the intersection curve
线 line
线段 segment
平行线 parallel line
垂线 perpendicular line
垂直线段 perpendicular segment
(角的)平分线 bisector, bisect (vt)
线段平分线 segment bisector
切线 tangent
共线, 在同一直线 collinear. In Euclidean geometry, if two or more than two points lie on a line close to or far from each other, then they are said to be collinear.
线性的 Linear
对角线 Diagonal
中线 median - a line segment that connects a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side
两条线重合 Coincident lines are the lines that coincide or lie on top of each other.
虚线 dash
截线 transversal line - a line intersecting two or more other lines in the same plane
辅助线 auxiliary line
正交 orthogonal to, intersecting and at right angle
角 angle
锐角 Acute angle
钝角 Obtuse angle
直角 Right angle
邻角 Adjacent angle
平角(180°角) Straight angle - angle of 180°
优角 Reflex angle - A reflex angle is an angle larger than 180° and less than 360°.
劣角 Non-reflex angle - A non-reflex angle is an angle less than 180° and larger than 0°.
周角 Round angle - A round angle is an angle of 360° or 2π in radian.
零角 Zero angle
补角 Supplementary angles - refer to the pair of two angles whose sum is equal to 180°
余角 Complementary angles - refer to the pair of two angles whose sum is equal to 90°
圆心角 Central angle
错角 Alternate angles
内错角 Alternate interior angles
外错角 Alternate exterior angles
同位角 Corresponding angle
对顶角 Vertically opposite angles
对应的角 Subtended angle - The angle formed by lines of sight from a viewpoint to the edges of an object. In geometry, a subtended angle refers to an angle that is formed by two rays from the external point of an arc, line segment or any other section of a curve and pass through the endpoints of that arc, line segment or curve section. 弧或弦对应的角度。
对应的角 Corresponding angles - refer to congruent angles of e.g., congruent triangles
夹角 Included angle
底角 Base angle
二面角 Dihedral angle
角的顶点 Vertex of the angle
角的边 sides of the angle
相等的角 congruent angles - angles with exactly the same measure
度 degree
共边角 coterminal angles
弧度 radian
弧长 Arc Length
割线 secant
Triangle 三角形
不等边三角形 Scalene triangle
等边三角形 Equilateral triangle
等腰三角形 Isosceles triangle
钝角三角形 Obtuse triangle
锐角三角形 Acute triangle
斜三角形 (非直角三角形) Oblique triangle
直角三角形 Right triangle
(直角三角形的)斜边 Hypotenuse
(直角三角形的)邻边 Adjacent
(直角三角形的)对边 Opposite
周长 Perimeter
全等三角形 Congruent triangles
相似三角形 Similar triangles
三角形的高 Altitude - the perpendicular segment from a vertex of a triangle to the opposite side
内接三角形 Inscribed triangle
恒等于 Congruence
Polygon 多边形
正方形 Square
长方形 Rectangle
平行四边形 parallelogram
梯形 trapezoid
菱形 Rhombus
筝形 Kite
星形 Star
反平行四边形 antiparallelogram
正多边形 Regular polygon
正六边形 Regular Hexagon
凸多边形 Convex polygon
凹多边形 Concave polygon
四边形 Quadrilateral
五边形 Pentagon
六边形 Hexagon
七边形 Heptagon
八边形 Octagon
九边形 Nonagon
十边形 Decagon
十一边形 Hendecagon or Undecagon
十二边形 Dodecagon
十三边形 Triskaidecagon
十四边形 Tetrakaidecagon
十五边形 Pentadecagon
十六边形 Hexakaidecagon
十七边形 Heptadecagon
十八边形 Octakaidecagon
十九边形 Enneadecagon
二十边形 Icosagon
三十边形 Triacontagon
四十边形 Tetracontagon
五十边形 Pentacontagon
六十边形 Hexacontagon
七十边形 Heptacontagon
八十边形 Octacontagon
九十边形 Enneacontagon
一百边形 Hectagon
圆 和 曲线 Circle and Curves
斜率 slope
弦 chord
切圆 tangent circle
切线 tangent line
半径 radius
直径 diameter
弧 Arc
(圆的)外切圆 Tangent Circles
外接圆 Circumscribed Circle
内切圆 Inscribed circle
扇形 Sector
周长 Circumference
弧形 Segment of a circle
同心圆 Concentric circles
半圆 Semicircle
圆的面积 Area of a circle
椭圆 Ellipse
双曲线 hyperbola
抛物线 parabola
焦点 focus (单数)
焦点 foci (复数)
渐近线 asymptote
准线 directrix
等距离 equidistant
圆锥曲线 conic sections
母线 generatrix, generator
辅助圆 auxiliary circle
参数方程 parametric equations
参数 parameter
参数化 parametrization
隐式化 implicitization
隐式方程 implicit equation
偏心率 Eccentricity
长轴 major axis
短轴 minor axis
长半轴 semi-major axis
短半轴 semi-minor axis
焦点弦 latus rectum
对称轴 axis of symmetry
圆幂定理 Power of a Point Theorem
立体几何
三棱锥 triangular pyramid
四面体 tetrahedron
多面体 polyhedron
圆柱体 Circular cylinder
圆锥 Cone
三角锥 Quadrihedron
二面角 Dihedral angle
直圆柱体 Right circular cylinder
正多面体 Rectangular solid
正棱柱 Regular prism
正棱锥 Regular pyramid
正多面体 Regular solid/polyhedron
球面 Sphere
立方体 Cube
斜柱体 Scalene cylinder
体积 Volume
表面积 surface area
圆台, truncated cone
坐标几何 Coordinate geometry
解析几何 Analytic geometry
笛卡尔坐标系 Cartesian coordinate system
坐标平面 coordinate plane
原点 origin
坐标轴 coordinate axis
两点间的距离 Distance between two points
(图形)变换 Transformation
平移 Translation
旋转 Rotation
反射 Reflection
象限 Quadrant
X 截距 x-intercept
Y 截距 y-intercept
横坐标 abscissa, the horizontal (x) value in a pair of coordinates
纵坐标 ordinate, the vertical (y) value in a pair of coordinates
数 Number
数论 Number theory
质数 prime number
素数 prime number
互质 prime to each other
合数 Composite number - A composite number is a positive integer that has at least one divisor other than 1 and itself.
奇数 odd number
偶数 even number
因数 factor
正整数 positive integer
非负整数 whole number
负整数 Negative Integers
正整数 Positive Integers
完全数 Perfect number - In number theory, a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive divisors, excluding the number itself. For instance, 6 has divisors 1, 2 and 3 (excluding itself), and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so 6 is a perfect number
完全平方数 Perfect square - A perfect square is a number that can be expressed as the product of two equal integers. 9 = 3 x 3, therefore, 9 is a perfect square
不完全平方数 non-perfect squares
完全立方数 perfect cube number
不同的 Distinct
分数 fraction
分子 Numerator
分母 Denominator
简分数 Common fraction
繁分数 Complex fraction
倒数 reciprocal, multiplicative inverse
倍数 Multiple
公因子 Common factor
公倍数 Common multiple
公约数 Common divisor
最大公约数 Greatest common divisor (GCD)
最大公因数 Greatest common factor
最小公倍数 Least common divisor (LCD)
连续偶数 Consecutive even integer
连续奇数 Consecutive odd integer
常数 Constant
小数 Decimal
小数点 Decimal point
纯小数 Decimal fraction
十进制运算 Decimal arithmetic
十进制 Decimal system/decimal scale
个位 ones place
十位 tens place
百位 hundreds place
千位 thousands place
位数 Place value - Every digit in a number has a place value. The place value is associated with the position (place) of the digit in the number. For example, in 31678, the place value of 6 is 600.
十分位 tenths place
百分位 hundreds place
千分位 thousands place
个位数 units digit - the digit in the one's place of a number
十位数 tens digit
百位数 hundreds digit
千分数 thousands digit
绝对值 Absolute value
正比 Direct proportion
代数 Algebra
数域 Number field
整域 Integral domain
实数 real number
有理数 rational number
无理数 irrational number
自然数 natural number
因数,因子 factor
恒等式 identity
代数 Algebra
代数的 algebraic
相反数 Opposite number
有尽小数 terminating decimal
无穷小数 non-terminating decimal
虚数 imaginary number
复数 Complex number
复数的模 Modulus of the Complex Number,r
复数的幅角 Argument of the Complex Number, Arg Z
实部 Real part,Im(z)
虚部 Imaginary part, Im(z)
函数 方程 表达式 Function Equation and Expression
二次的 quadratic - In mathematics, a quadratic is a type of problem that deals with a variable multiplied by itself — an operation known as squaring. This language derives from the area of a square being its side length multiplied by itself. The word quadratic comes from quadratum, the Latin word for square
二次方程 Quadratic function
三次方程 Cubic equation
四次方程 Quartic equation
五次方程 Quintic function
判别式 Discriminant
多项式 Polynomial
多项式的次数 Degree of a polynomial
线性多项式 linear polynomial - A linear polynomial is a polynomial of degree one
二次多项式 quadratic polynomial - a polynomial of degree two
三次多项式 cubic polynomial - a polynomial of degree three
四次多项式 quartic polynomial - a polynomial of degree four
五次多项式 quintic polynomial - a polynomial of degree five
六次多项式 sextic polynomial - a polynomial of degree six
七次多项式 septic polynomial - a polynomial of degree seven
八次多项式 octic polynomial - a polynomial of degree eight
九次多项式 nonic polynomial - a polynomial of degree nine
十次多项式decic polynomial - a polynomial of degree ten
多项式的项 term
多项式项的系数 coefficient
多项式项的变量 variable, indeterminate
多项式项的常数项 constant
单项式 Monomial
二项式 Binomial
三项式 Trinomial
四项式 Tetranomial
五项式 Pentameter
六项式 Hexanomial
七项式 Heptathlon
多重表述式 multiple representations
整式 integer polynomial
韦达定理 Vieta's formulas
分段函数 piecewise function - A piecewise function is a function that is defined by different formulas or functions for different intervals in the domain.
幂函数 power function
指数函数 exponential function
递推公式 recursion equation
递推数列 recursive sequence
差分数列 difference series
差分方程 difference equation
递推关系 recursive relation
代数运算 algebraic operation
多项式运算 operations with polynomials
加法 Addition
求和 Sum
减法 Subtraction
被减数 minuend
减数 Subtrahend
差 difference
乘法 Multiplication
被乘数 multiplicand
乘数 multiplier
乘积 Product
两个自然数的乘积 product of two natural numbers
除法 Division
被除数 Dividend
除数 Divisor
商 Quotient
余数 remainder
可被整除的 Divisible
除以 Divide by, divided by (A dividend is divided by a dividor)
指数 Exponentiation
整指数 integral exponents
平方 Squaring, square
等式两边立方 Square both sides of the equation
平方根 square root, exponentiation to the power of ½
立方根 cube root exponentiation to the power of ⅓
根式符号 Radical symbol, radical sign, √
被开方数 Radicant - The value inside the radical symbol.
开根号 root extraction
根指数 - index
运算次序 Order of operations
交叉相乘 Cross multiply
对数 Logarithm
幂, 乘方 Power - an expression that represents repeated multiplication of the same factor
自然对数 Natural logarithm
因式分解 Factorization
化简 Simplify
化简表达式 simplify expressions
最简式 lowest terms
解 solution
解集 solution set
不等式的解集 solution set of an inequality
证明 Show that, prove that, verify
方程组 system of equations
不等式组 system of inequalities
合并同类项 Combine like terms
加法交换律 commutative property of addition
乘法交换律 commutative property of multiplication
加法结合律 associative property of addition
乘法结合律 associative property of multiplication
乘法分配律 distribution law of multiplication
Inequality
柯西不等式 Cauchy–Schwarz inequality
算数平均 Arithmetic Mean
调和平均 Harmonic Mean
几何平均 Geometric Mean
平方平均 Quadratic mean
H_n\leq G_n \leq A_n \leq Q_n
三角函数 Trigonometry
推论,推断,演绎 deduce
数学归纳法 mathematical induction
同样的 Likewise, e.g., likewise for b, and for c
行列式 determinant
矩阵 matrix
拉普拉斯展开定理 Laplace expansion theorem
微分 differential calculus
积分 integral calculus
导数 derivative
反面 converse - Note that the converse must not be true
当且仅当, 充分必要条件 if and only if
循环对称 cyclic symmetry, rotational symmetry
丢番图方程 Diophantine Equation,
不定方程 indefinite equation
线性丢番图方程 Linear Diophantine Equations
二次丢番图方程 quadratic Diophantine equations
双曲线 Hyperbolic Diophantine Equation